ABSTRACT
Surgery has been considered as the most important way to treat renal tumor so far. In view of the fact that preserving the nephron is more beneficial to the long-term survival of patients, surgical resection of localized renal tumors gradually tends to partial nephrectomy. The implementation of partial nephrectomy needs to focus on the assessment of perioperative period indicators, warm ischemia time, intraoperative blood loss and postoperative renal function. In order to evaluate the complexity of the operation and predict the postoperative efficacy, scholars at home and abroad have successively proposed a series of renal tumor scoring systems. This paper assesses the clinical guidance ability through the comparison of the correlation between scoring systems and perioperative period indicators of partial nephrectomy, providing references for clinicians to choose a suitable renal tumor scoring system for operation plan.
ABSTRACT
This report discusses (1) achievements of public health and medical services activities since the founding of the People's Republic of China, (2) three major health and medical issues that must be tackled, and (3) the public health policies and measures of the Chinese government.<BR>The achievements of public health and medical services activities of Chinese government up to the present have been outstanding. For instance, the infant mortality rate has been reduced to less than one-tenth, and the life expectancy at birth has been greatly extended. Furthermore, the numbers of medical facilities, beds, and persons engaged in public health and medical services have increased greatly. In particular, there has been a remarkable decrease in the incidence of infectious diseases. One of the factors contributing to this decrease has been the introduction of periodic vaccine inoculations, which almost 100% of infants have received by the age of twelve months.<BR>The three major issues in public health and medical services that must be confronted are:(1) softening the impact of the switch to a market economy, (2) coping with the challenges of an aging society, and (3) reducing the gap in levels of health and medical services available in cities and rural areas.<BR>The Chinese government has established seven strategies for a public health policy geared to the new era of reform and liberation. These measures stress the prevention of diseases, as well as the promotion of health and medical activities with the full participation of all people in the nation, giving greater weight to rural areas. In addition, the government has decided to promote the establishment of financial resources for public health and medical care, reform of the medical insurance system, adjustment and improvement of medical care service systems, and the establishment of new laws governing medical care.